High serum calcium levels in multiple myeloma patients can lead to what common symptoms?

High serum calcium levels, or hypercalcemia, commonly occur in patients with multiple myeloma and can lead to a range of symptoms due to the physiological effects of elevated calcium in the blood. One of the primary concerns with hypercalcemia is its impact on neurological function and kidney health, which can manifest as confusion and dehydration.

Dehydration arises because excess calcium can cause increased urination, leading to reduced fluid levels in the body. This dehydration can exacerbate confusion, as the balance of electrolytes is disrupted and proper hydration is essential for optimal brain function. Consequently, patients may experience central nervous system effects, including confusion and altered mental status due to elevated calcium levels impacting neurological function.

In addition to confusion, other symptoms of hypercalcemia can include fatigue, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. However, the combination of dehydration and confusion is notably prevalent in these patients, linking directly to high serum calcium levels as a common symptom.