In the context of cancer treatment, what does the immune system primarily do regarding malignant cells?

The immune system plays a crucial role in identifying and eliminating malignant cells within the body. One of its primary functions is to provide surveillance for cells that express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). These antigens are abnormal proteins that can be found on the surface of cancer cells as a result of mutations and differences from normal cells. The immune system detects these TAAs through specialized immune cells, which include T-cells and B-cells, that are designed to recognize and respond to abnormal or foreign materials.

When the immune system identifies these TAAs, it can mount an attack against the malignant cells, activating immune responses that seek to destroy or inhibit the growth of tumors. This surveillance mechanism is critical for the prevention of cancer progression and metastasis. By recognizing and targeting these tumor-associated antigens, the immune system acts as a natural defense against cancer cells, helping to maintain the body’s integrity and preventing malignant growth.

In contrast, other options suggest a role of the immune system that would not align with its function in combating cancer, such as triggering tumor development, enhancing tumor growth, or inhibiting healing processes, which misconstrue the protective and regulatory roles of the immune response in relation to malignancies.